Meyi 7, 2024
Emphakathini wanamuhla, izinga lomoya esiwuphefumulayo seliyinkinga ebucayi. Kithina esihlala emadolobheni noma ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha, ukufudukela emadolobheni kanye nemigwaqo enguthelawayeka ibumba indawo futhi ilethe ukungcola. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, izinga lomoya lithinteka kakhulu ekulimeni kwezimboni kanye nemisebenzi yezimayini. Njengoba imililo yequbula ivutha isikhathi eside nasezindaweni eziningi, zonke izifunda zithola izexwayiso zekhwalithi yomoya.
Ukungcoliswa komoya kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nohlu lwezinkinga zempilo. Imiphumela ethile yezempilo incike ohlotsheni nasekuhlanganiseni kokungcola emoyeni, kodwa Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) ilinganisela ukuthi ukungcoliswa komoya kwasekhaya kanye nendawo ezungezile kubangela ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezigidi ezingu-6.7 unyaka ngamunye.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizocubungula imiphumela yezempilo yokungcoliswa komoya kanye nezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu.
Ukungcoliswa komoya kuyithinta kanjani impilo yakho?
Izinga lomoya eliphansi liholela ekufeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ukuphefumula kanye nezinhlelo zenhliziyo. Ukuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya kungaholela kukho kokubili izimo zezempilo ezinzima (ngokuzumayo nezinzima, kodwa okungenzeka kube ezesikhashana) nezingamahlalakhona (ezingelapheki, ezikhula isikhathi eside) izimo zezempilo. Nazi ezinye izindlela ukungcoliswa komoya okungadala ngayo ukufa:
Ukuvuvukala: Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya, njenge-particle (PM) ne-ozone (O3), kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwezinhlelo zokuphefumula nenhliziyo, kanye nezinye izitho. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungabhebhethekisa izifo zokuphefumula ezifana nesifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphefumula kwamaphaphu (COPD) kanye nezinkinga zenhliziyo eziholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.
Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kukungcola okuthile, ikakhulukazi i-fine particulate matter (PM2.5), kungabangela ukusebenza kwamaphaphu ukwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwenze abantu abathile bangenwe kalula yizifo zokuphefumula. I-PM2.5 ingaphinde yeqe umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho futhi ibangele ukulimala kobuchopho
Ukwanda komfutho wegazi: Izinto ezingcolisayo, ikakhulukazi ezivela ekungcolisweni komoya okuhlobene nethrafikhi (TRAP) njenge-nitrogen dioxide (NO2), i-ozone kanye ne-PM, ziye zaxhunyaniswa nokwanda komfutho wegazi, okuyingozi engozini yesifo senhliziyo.
Ukwakheka kwe-atherosclerosis: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekungcoleni komoya kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis (ukuqina nokuncipha kwemithambo), okuholela esifweni senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi njengokuhlasela kwenhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.
Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative: Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisayo kungabangela ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, kubangele ukulimala kwamangqamuzana nezicubu. Lo monakalo we-oxidative uhlotshaniswe nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zezempilo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nesifo sohlangothi nomdlavuza. Kungasheshisa inqubo yokuguga komzimba
Umdlavuza: Kwabanye abantu, ukuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya kungabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu njengokubhema. Ukungcoliswa komoya nakho kuye kwahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza webele
Ukwanda kokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokungcoliswa komoya kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo ezingapheli ezibangelwa ukuchayeka emoyeni isikhathi eside. Nokho, ngisho nokuchayeka isikhathi esifushane kungaba nemiphumela emibi enamandla. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi intsha enempilo iqala ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile phakathi namahora ambalwa echayeke ekungcoleni komoya.
Izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nokuchayeka kokungcoliswa komoya zihlanganisa ukuvuvukala kokuphefumula nenhliziyo, ukuncipha kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, ukwanda komfutho wegazi, ukuqina nokuncipha kwemithambo, ukulimala kwamangqamuzana nezicubu, umdlavuza wamaphaphu nomdlavuza wamabele.
Ngakho-ke sidinga ukunaka kakhulu umoya, ngalesi sikhathi imikhiqizo yethu izokunikeza umoya ohlanzekile.
IZIKHOMBISI
1 Ukunukubezeka komoya wasekhaya. (2023, Disemba 15). I-World Health Organization.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.
2 Grunig G, Marsh LM, Esmaeil N, et al. Umbono: ukungcoliswa komoya okuzungezile: impendulo yokuvuvukala kanye nemiphumela ku-vasculature yamaphaphu. I-Pulm Circ. 2014 Mar;4(1):25-35. doi:10.1086/674902.
3 Li W, Lin G, Xiao Z, et al. Ukubuyekezwa kokulimala kobuchopho okuphefumulekayo (PM2.5) okudalwe. I-Front Mol Neurosci. 2022 Sep 7;15:967174. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.967174.
4 Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. I-Oxidative Stress: Izingozi Nezinzuzo Zempilo Yomuntu. I-Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.
5 Pro Publica. (2021, Novemba 2). Ingabe Ukungcoliswa Komoya Kungabanga Umdlavuza? Okufanele Ukwazi Ngezingozi. I-Pro Publica.https://www.propublica.org/article/can-air-pollution-cause-cancer-risks.
6 Amazinga aphezulu okungcoliswa komoya okuyizinhlayiyana ahlobene nokwanda. (2023, Septhemba 12). Izikhungo Zezempilo Zikazwelonke (NIH).https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-levels-particulate-air-pollution-associated-increased-breast-cancer-incidence.
7 He F, Yanosky JD, Fernandez–Mendoza J, et al. I-Acute Impact of Fine Particulate Air Pollution ku-Cardiac Arrhythmias Esampula Elisuselwe Kwabantu Abasha: Iqoqo Lezingane Le-Penn State. Uhambo lwe-Amer Heart Assoc. 2017 Jul 27.;11:e026370. doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.
8 Umdlavuza kanye nokunukubezeka komoya. (nd). I-Union for International Cancer Control.https://www.uicc.org/what-we-do/thematic-areas/cancer-and-air-pollution.
9 Ukucutshungulwa Kabusha Kokugcina Kwamazinga Ekhwalithi Yomoya Kazwelonke Ambient for Particulate Matter (PM). (2024, February 7). I-US EPA.https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/final-reconsideration-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-particulate-matter-pm.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-10-2024